Hunting rifles are designed and regulated hunting of big game. The firing is conducted only with bullets.
Hunting rifles consist of a tube with sights, imprisonment and stock. The hunting rifles barrels are made from high-strength steels with increased thickness. When shot in the chamber and barrel pressure developed from 3000-4000 kgs / cm, which is 5 - 8 times greater than shotguns. The length of the barrel hunting rifles is most commonly 54, 58, 60 to 65 cm of the barrel channel is not smooth but lumpy vintoobrazno. Furrows are formed between convex fields. Their number is 4 to 6, rarely 8. This device attaches to the rotating barrel of bullets, stable flight and greater range and accuracy. The hunting caliber carbine is determined by the distance between two opposite fields and means in millimeters. In America and England caliber is denoted by parts of an inch (2.54 cm). For example, a caliber 22 in England is equivalent of 222 in the U.S. and about 5.6 millimeters. Caliber 30 is a caliber equal to 308 or about 7.62 millimeters. To the caliber required by another figure is the length of the chuck in millimeters - 7x57; 7x64; 7,62 x54; 8x68, etc.
On the barrel are precision-made sight and foresight. They can keep accurate shooting to 100-120 m. In many models of sight can be easily set for specific shooting distance - 50 meters, 100 meters on all hunting rifles can be installed and optical sight, which accuracy is increased significantly, even at a distance of 200-250 m. Over this distance with an optical sight accurate shot can produce only very skilled hunters. Optical sights are many different types and increases visual field. The first digit in the name of the optical sight is kratnostta increase, while the second is the angle of the visual field. Most widely used for hunting 4x32; 6x42; 8x56, and optics with a variable
increase 3-6x42; 3-9x56 and others. The large increase is not always a priority and is only used when shooting support. Quickly and easily the archer's eye is adapted to increase 4-6 times. Using the optical sight can be determined and the approximate and exact distance to the game. Some expensive models have electronic rangefinder eyepiece and on account of the exact distance. Usually with an optical gun sight adjusts for accurate shooting at 150 meters, which allows a good shot without adjustments between 140-180 meters. This feature depends on the size and weight of bullet used.
Bullets for hunting rifles have metal bushing capsules, powder charge and bullet. At the bottom of the cartridge is given caliber. The first digit indicates the diameter of the bullets, which corresponds to the diameter of the barrel channel and the second figure
- The length of the cartridge corresponding to the chamber of the barrel. With names such as letters K (the German Cape! - Edge, a crown) are shown at the bottom of the form and manner of cartridge reloading the gun. Eg 7x65 means K cartridge designed for opening with a carbine barrels. Lack of letters indicates names with fuller sleeve designed for rifles STORE manually or automatically recharge. 8 is the letter C indicates the charge reinforced and increased diameter of the bullet.
Bullets for hunting carbine are many models and shapes. Even for the same caliber manufacturers offer different weight, shape and design bullets. This is done to the same carbine to be used for hunting other game species. In general, the bullets are divided into the following types:
1. Retaining their shape when hit. These are sharp tip bullets thick sheath and lead core »They are designed primarily for predators with valuable fur, which pierce and tear. Used for small caliber - 5.6 millimeters, 222, 223.
2. Deformable bullets. They vary in structure, most often exposed to lead top a round shape. When hit the highlight of the bullets spleskva and acquires the form of a sponge. These bullets usually do not dig through the game and leave all their energy into striking him, causing severe shock and death. They are designed for large animals resistant to the shot - wild boar, deer, wolf, bear, and used to 7 mm caliber, 7.62 millimeters, 8 millimeters and 9.3 millimeters.
3. Tumble-tion and bursting bullets. With them through most other construction and coatings of metals combined with different tensile strength and caused destruction of part or in whole bullet hit. Suitable for hunting deer, fallow deer, mouflon, offspring of wild boar and small predators. Used for almost any caliber.
When hunting big game hunter must select patrons whose bullets have the energy and striking force for the safe and instantaneous killing. Striking power is a function of mass and velocity of a bullet with which to move. It is believed that when the energy in Joules hit must be at least 10 times greater than the mass of the animal. All manufacturers of hunting cartridges on the packages they give much information about weight, shape and function, speed and energy of bullets of different distances. Another very important condition is to select one bullet to pass on all striking power in the tissues without departing or making superficial wounds. It should, of course, be used very powerful bullets, not to tear, dismembered the corpse, which occurs most often in hunting deer.
When shot with a hunting carbine bullet leaves many
high initial rate of - 760 - 1200 m / sec. The trajectory of the bullet is not a straight line. Depending on the setup of the gun for accurate shooting, the caliber and weight of bullets, he initially flew over the target line and point. Distance, which is set by the gun sights -100.150 or 200 meters, the bullet crosses the target line and started to fall below it. For each caliber and bullet in the optimal target distance means that the bullet which does not deviate from the target line by more than 2 cm, and is not necessary to make adjustments in the shooting. Therefore, using the optical sight setting is shooting around 150 meters, but without optical sight - about 100 m. Using a rifle shooting range to which it is not set, resulting in gaps or injury to animals. In steep terrain shooting bullets fell quickly into line target when shot down, and remained higher than the target line when shooting above 45 degrees slope upwards. Distance at which the bullet flies at an angle of 20-30 degrees, depending on the size can reach 4000 m.
