Hunting rifles are designed and regulated hunting of big game. Shooting is conducted only with bullets.
Hunting rifles consist of a tube with measurement devices, imprisonment and gun. Barrels of hunting rifles are made from high-strength steel with increased thickness. When shot in the chamber and barrel pressure developed by the 3000-4000 kgf / cm, which is 5 to 8 times greater than shotguns. The length of the barrel hunting rifles most commonly 54, 58, 60 to 65 cm of the barrel channel is not smooth and striated vintoobrazno. Furrows are formed between convex fields. Their number is 4 to 6, rarely 8. This device attaches to the barrel rotation of the bullet-resistant flight and greater range and accuracy. Caliber of the hunting rifle is determined by the distance between two opposite fields and means in millimeters. In America and England means to gauge with parts of an inch (2.54 cm). For example, size 22 in England is equal to 222 in the U.S. and is about 5.6 mm. Caliber 30 is a caliber equal to 308 or about 7.62 mm. To the caliber required by another figure is the length of the chuck in millimeters - 7x57; 7x64; 7,62 x54; 8x68, etc.
On the barrel are precision crafted hindsight and foresight. They can keep accurate shooting to 100-120 m. In many models of sight can be adjusted easily for specific shooting range - 50 m, 100 m to all hunting rifles could be mounted and riflescopes, which accuracy is increased significantly, even at a distance of 200-250 m. Over this distance to a riflescopes accurate shot can produce only very skilled hunters. Riflescopes are many different types and increases visual field. The first digit in the name of the optical sight is the increase rate frequency and the second is the angle of sight. The most widely used for hunting 4x32; 6x42; 8x56, optics and variable
a 3-6x42; 3-9x56 and others. The large increase is not always prevail and be used only when shooting support. Quickly and easily shooter eye adapts to increase 4-6 times. Using optical sight can be determined and the approximate and exact distance to the game. Some expensive models have electronic rangefinder eyepiece and on account of the exact distance. Simple to a riflescopes rifle is set for accurate shooting at 150 meters, allowing a good shot without adjustments between 140 180 m. This feature depends on the size and weight of bullet used.
Bullets for hunting rifles have metal thimble with primers and bullet. At the bottom of the cartridge is out caliber. The first digit indicates the diameter of the bullets, which corresponds to the diameter of the barrel channel and the second figure
- The length of the cartridge corresponding to the chamber of the barrel. In alphabetical names as K (from German dripping! - Edge crown) are shown at the bottom of the form and manner of cartridge reloading the gun. For example, 7x65 means K cartridge designed for rifle barrels with opening. Lack of letters indicates names cartridge with a groove designed for shopping rifles with manual or automatic recharge. With 8 letter indicates boosted charge and increased diameter of the bullet.
Rifle bullets for hunting are the different models and shapes. Even for the same caliber manufacturers offer different weight, shape and design bullets. This is done to the same rifle used to hunt other game species. In general, the bullets are divided into the following types:
1. Retaining their shape when hit. These are acute tip bullets with thick sheath and lead core »They are designed primarily for predators with valuable fur, which drilled and tear. Use of small caliber - 5.6 mm, 222, 223.
2. Deformable bullets. They are a different design, often with exposed lead tip blunt. In the top part of the shot bullet is spleskva and acquires the form of sponge. These bullets are usually not drilled the game and leave all your energy striking it, causing a strong shock and death. They are designed for large animals resistant to shot - wild boar, deer, wolf, bear, and gauges are used to 7 mm, 7.62 mm, 8 mm and 9.3 mm.
3. Tumble-ing and bursting bullets. With them through the most different design, envelopes and a combination of metals with different tensile strength and causing destruction of part or all of a bullet shot at. Suitable for hunting deer, fallow deer, mouflon, offspring of wild boar and small predators. Used for almost any caliber.
When hunting big game hunter must select patrons whose bullets are striking the energy and force to secure and instantaneous killing. Striking power is a function of the mass of bullets and the speed with which moves. It is believed that when the energy in Joules goal must be at least 10 times greater than the mass of the animal. All manufacturers of hunting cartridges on the packages they give much information about weight, shape and function, speed and energy of bullets of different distances. Another important condition is to select one bullet to deliver all energy striking the tissues without departing or making superficial wounds. It should, of course, be used very powerful bullets, not to tear, divide the body, which happens most often in hunting deer.
When shot with a hunting rifle bullet flew very
high initial rate of - 760 - 1200 m / sec. The trajectory of the bullet is not a straight line. Depending on the setup of the gun for accurate shooting, the caliber and weight of bullets, he initially flew over the target line and point. The distance at which the weapon is set with measurement devices or -100.150 200 meters, the bullet crosses the target line and begins to fall below it. For each caliber and bullet in the optimal target distance means that the bullet which deviates from the target line more than 2 cm, and there is no need to make adjustments in the shooting. Therefore, using the optical sight setting is shooting around 150 meters, but without optical sight - about 100 m. Using a rifle shooting range for which it is set, resulting in gaps or injury to animals. In steep terrain shooting bullets fell rapidly below the target line when you shoot down, and remain higher than the target line when shooting above 45 degrees slope upwards. Distance at which the bullet flies at an angle of 20-30 degrees, depending on the caliber can reach 4000 m.
